Notes

Section 2: Conceptual Framework

1. A 2014 UN report provides an inventory of 101 composite measures of well-being and progress, covering a broad range of themes from governance to gender disparity and poverty to economic progress. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/inventoryreportworkingpaper.pdf
2. The Labour Rights Index is based on national labour legislation, applicable on 01 January 2024.
3. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
4. Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers,
   in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment.
5. https://www.ilo.org/publications/world-social-security-report-201011-providing-coverage-times-crisis-and (page 101)
6. Botero, J. Djankov, S., La Porta, R. , Lopez-de-Silanes, F. and Shliefer, A. 2004. "The Regulation of Labour" Quarterly
   Journal of Economics 119(4), pp. 1339-1382
7. Heymann, J., and Earle, A. 2009. Raising the global floor: dismantling the myth that we can't afford good working conditions for everyone. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Politics and Policy.
8. https://gsphub.eu/about-gsp/gsp-plus
9. https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/gsp/GSPGuidebook_0.pdf
10. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/
11. MDGs included 8 Goals, 21 Targets and 60  indicators.https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/Indicators_for_Monitoring_the_MDGs.pdf
12. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg8
13. These include Database of Conditions of Work and Employment Laws(https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/databaseconditions-
    work-and-employment-laws) Global Database on Occupational Safety and Health Legislation
    (https://webapps.ilo.org/dyn/legosh/en/f?p=14100:1000:0::NO:::), Employment Protection Legislation Database
    (https://eplex.ilo.org/), Industrial Relations Database (https://webapps.ilo.org/dyn/irlex/en/f?p=14100:1:0::NO:::), and
    Labour Inspection Country Profiles (https://www.ilo.org/resource/labour-inspection-country-profiles)
14. Now referred to as Labour Market Regulation http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/employing-workers
15. http://wbl.worldbank.org/
16. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2016-2017-1
17. http://www.nber.org/papers/w11598
18. https://www.heritage.org/index/pages/report. As explained in the Methodology, the Labour Freedom component
    considers seven quantitative sub factors and is part of Regulatory Efficiency, one of the four major aspects of
    economic and entrepreneurial environment.
19. https://www.issa.int/databases/country-profiles
20. https://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/oecdindicatorsofemploymentprotection.htm
21. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/938d5a0d-3799-4c5a-8103-8a7355628ef3
22. https://www.ituc-csi.org/global-rights-index
23. http://labour-rights-indicators.la.psu.edu/
24. Centre for Labour Research is a non-profit organization based in Pakistan. For details of contributions, please refer to
    acknowledgements.
25. Doing Business 2004 report defines labour law to include the following four types of regulations: "employment
    regulation, social security laws, industrial relations, and workplace safety and health laws".
    (https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB04-FullReport.pdf)
    (p.30)
26. ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization, 13 August 2008(https://www.ilo.org/resource/ilo-declarationsocial-
    justice-fair-globalization)
27. Decent work indicators, 9 September 2012(https://www.ilo.org/integration/themes/mdw/WCMS_189392/lang--
    en/index.htm)
28. ILO Monitor on the world of work. 10th edition, 31 October 2022 (https://www.ilo.org/resource/brief/ilo-monitorworld-
    work-10th-edition)
29. For the minimum wage question, the Index considers lowest rates, notified by the governments, to ensure
    comparability of data. These may include minimum wage rates for unskilled work.
30. Includes foreign workers, which comprise most of the labour force in some countries.
31. Decent Work Check is a Wagelndicator concept which has been developed over more than a decade to inform
    workers about their workplace rights on a global level.
32. https://wageindicator.org/
33. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_627189/lang-- en/index.htm
34. ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, originally adopted in 1998, was amended in 2022 to
    include the fifth fundamental principle and right at work, which is the right to a safe and healthy working
    environment. https://www.ilo.org/declaration/lang--en/index.htm
35. https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual- Reports/English/DB16-Full-Report.pdf
36. A similar approach has been used by the International Trade Union Confederation under its ITUC Global Rights Index
    2020. https://www.ituc-csi.org/ituc-global-rights-index- 2020

Section 5: Contextualising & Normalising the country scores

1. https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/
2. We use “SDG indicator 8.3.1 - Proportion of informal employment in total employment” data to calculate the
   proportion of “formal employment in total employment” in the country.(https://rshiny.ilo.org/dataexplorer37/?
   lang=en&id=SDG_0831_SEX_ECO_RT_A)
3. https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi
4. https://rshiny.ilo.org/dataexplorer39/?lang=en&id=SDG_0882_NOC_RT_A