[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:work\u002Fplatform-economy":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"short_title":7,"intro_text":8,"meta_description":9,"seo_title":9,"path":10,"content_type":11,"locale":12,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":13,"page_created_at":14,"published_at":13,"edit_url":15,"breadcrumbs":16,"seo":21,"body_blocks":29,"call_to_action":259,"categories":264,"owner":266,"authors":271,"image":273,"related_pages":274,"related_sites":275,"in_subsite":59,"contact_page_url":276,"banner_message":277},21487,"platform-economy","Platform Economy",null,"\u003Cp>Discover your rights as a gig or platform worker. Explore the impact of technology on the future of work - your future.\u003C\u002Fp>","","\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy","pages.contentpage","en","2025-12-19T10:46:22.278000+00:00","2026-06-05T10:13:32.808539+00:00","\u002Fcms\u002Fpages\u002F21487\u002Fedit\u002F",[17,20],{"title":18,"slug":19},"World of Work","work",{"title":6,"slug":5},{"title":6,"description":9,"image":22,"canonical":23,"robots":24,"og_type":25,"twitter_card":26,"locale":12,"created_at":27,"last_modified_at":28},"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FSocial_media_preview_image_-_2025.2e16d0ba.fill-1200x630.png","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy\u002F","index, follow","website","summary_large_image","2025-12-19T11:46:22.278000+01:00","2026-06-05T12:13:32.935356+02:00",[30,54,77,137,186,251],{"type":31,"data":32},"accordion_block",{"title":33,"image":34,"variant":35,"items":36},"Working on a Platform: Pay, Protections, and Collective Action","\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fwageindicator_1674467302.width-610.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fwageindicator_1674467302.width-610.jpg 610w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fwageindicator_1674467302.width-1220.jpg 1220w\" alt=\"wageindicator_1674467302\">","light",[37,44,49],{"title":38,"description":39,"url":40,"link_title":41,"link_description":38,"type":42,"rel":43},"Pay in the Platform Economy","Unpredictable earnings, hidden costs, limited protection: as a gig worker, you know what instability feels like. How can you secure a decent living?","\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy\u002Fpay","Read more","internal","follow",{"title":45,"description":46,"url":47,"link_title":41,"link_description":48,"type":42,"rel":43},"Collective action in the Platform Economy","Find out what practical steps you can take to protect your rights. Explore the possibilities of a better future, from collective bargaining to association.","\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy\u002Fcollective-action","Continue Reading",{"title":50,"description":51,"url":52,"link_title":53,"link_description":53,"type":42,"rel":43},"Labour rights","Work and business models are changing fast. What hasn’t changed is the importance of labour rights. Are you a gig worker? See what the law says about your rights.","\u002Fwork\u002Flabour-law","Learn More",{"type":55,"data":56},"topic_block_container",{"title":57,"description":9,"variant":58,"show_as_slider":59,"topic_blocks":60},"Data and Research","dark",false,[61,69],{"title":62,"description":63,"category":64,"link":66,"link_description":7},"Living Tariff","Calculate your best pay",{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},6,{"id":67,"short_title":7,"title":62,"url":68},24545,"\u002Fwork\u002Fliving-wages\u002Fliving-tariff",{"title":70,"description":71,"category":72,"link":73,"link_description":7},"Papers and Publications on Platform Economy","Read our research",{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},{"id":74,"short_title":7,"title":75,"url":76},5694,"Publications","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpublications",{"type":78,"data":79},"content_highlight_block",{"title":80,"variant":35,"layout":81,"link":82,"link_description":86,"show_categories":87,"selected_pages":88},"Read Our Latest Stories on the Platform Economy","image_top",{"id":83,"title":84,"short_title":7,"url":85},24627,"Stories","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fnews-stories\u002Fstories","View All Stories",true,[89,108,120],{"id":90,"short_title":7,"title":91,"url":92,"image":93,"intro_text":94,"categories":95,"labels":101,"link_description":9,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":106,"page_created_at":107,"published_at":106},38141,"Life After Meta: What a New Survey Reveals About the Conditions of Data Workers in Kenya","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fnews-stories\u002Fmeta-data-workers-kenya-survey","\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FData_workers_Kenya.width-120.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FData_workers_Kenya.width-120.jpg 120w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FData_workers_Kenya.width-240.jpg 240w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FData_workers_Kenya.width-360.jpg 360w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FData_workers_Kenya.width-720.jpg 720w\" alt=\"Data workers Kenya\">","\u003Cp>During Meta's withdrawal from the country, WageIndicator and the Data Labelers Association conducted a survey examining the working conditions and pay of Kenyan workers in the global AI supply chain. What do the preliminary results tell us, and how are they interpreted by workers' representatives?\u003C\u002Fp>",[96,100],{"id":97,"slug":98,"name":99},4,"living-wage","Living Wage",{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[102],{"id":103,"slug":104,"name":105},3,"blogs","Blogs","2026-06-05T07:44:27.222575+00:00","2026-06-25T09:00:53.770426+00:00",{"id":109,"short_title":7,"title":110,"url":111,"image":112,"intro_text":113,"categories":114,"labels":116,"link_description":9,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":118,"page_created_at":119,"published_at":118},38139,"Platform Commission Caps Are Not Enough: Lessons from Indonesia's Ride-Hailing Regulation","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fnews-stories\u002Findonesia-ride-hailing-platforms-commission","\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FIndonesia_gig_workers.width-120.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FIndonesia_gig_workers.width-120.jpg 120w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FIndonesia_gig_workers.width-240.jpg 240w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FIndonesia_gig_workers.width-360.jpg 360w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FIndonesia_gig_workers.width-720.jpg 720w\" alt=\"Indonesia gig workers\">","\u003Cp>President Prabowo Subianto issued Presidential Regulation No. 27 of 2026, reducing the platform commission rate from 20 to 8 percent. However, the regulation fails to address two key issues: algorithm transparency and the mechanism for setting shared rates.\u003C\u002Fp>",[115],{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[117],{"id":103,"slug":104,"name":105},"2026-06-04T15:25:09.215969+00:00","2026-06-25T08:57:36.886846+00:00",{"id":121,"short_title":7,"title":122,"url":123,"image":124,"intro_text":125,"categories":126,"labels":133,"link_description":9,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":135,"page_created_at":136,"published_at":135},38131,"Success stories, blueprints and a vital tool for improving gig economy work","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fnews-stories\u002Fsuccess-stories-blueprints-and-a-vital-tool-for-improving-gig-economy-work","\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia_2.width-120.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia_2.width-120.jpg 120w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia_2.width-240.jpg 240w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia_2.width-360.jpg 360w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia_2.width-720.jpg 720w\" alt=\"Gig work Australia 2\">","\u003Cp>Breakthroughs and inspirational examples to learn from as the International Labour Conference kicks off this week.\u003C\u002Fp>",[127,131,132],{"id":128,"slug":129,"name":130},2,"labour-law","Labour Law",{"id":97,"slug":98,"name":99},{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[134],{"id":103,"slug":104,"name":105},"2026-06-04T11:53:46.533000+00:00","2026-06-25T09:15:28.839815+00:00",{"type":138,"data":139},"latest_page_items_block",{"title":140,"link":141,"link_description":145,"variant":58,"show_item_images":87,"show_categories":87,"show_as_slider":59,"items":146},"Listen to The Gig Work Podcast",{"id":142,"short_title":7,"title":143,"url":144},7071,"The Gig Work Podcast","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpodcasts\u002Fthe-gig-work-podcast","Tune in",[147,160,173],{"title":148,"short_title":7,"intro_text":149,"link":150,"categories":154,"labels":156,"image":157,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":158,"page_created_at":159,"published_at":158},"What an Australian union teaches us about regulating platform work","\u003Cp>How can binding agreements be made with platforms regarding minimum standards for platform workers? In this episode, researcher Alex Veen from the University of Sydney and Jack Boutros from the Transport Workers' Union (TWU) in Australia share their insights into the market.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":151,"short_title":7,"title":148,"url":152,"image":153},37914,"\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpodcasts\u002Fthe-gig-work-podcast\u002Faustralia-regulation-platform-work","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia.width-400.jpg",[155],{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[],"\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia.width-400.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia.width-400.jpg 400w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia.width-800.jpg 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FGig_work_Australia.width-1200.jpg 1200w\" alt=\"Gig work Australia\">","2026-05-20T17:49:43.025220+00:00","2026-05-20T17:49:42.641125+00:00",{"title":161,"short_title":7,"intro_text":162,"link":163,"categories":167,"labels":169,"image":170,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":171,"page_created_at":172,"published_at":171},"Market Protection or Disruption? The Impact of a Minimum Rate in the Platform Economy","\u003Cp>A minimum rate in the platform economy sounds appealing, but it could significantly disrupt the market. Researchers at Delft University of Technology used computer simulations to predict the effects. The conclusion: a fair wage is possible, but it requires bold political decisions.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":164,"short_title":7,"title":161,"url":165,"image":166},37902,"\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpodcasts\u002Fthe-gig-work-podcast\u002Fminimum-rates-platform-economy-podcast","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FFarnoud_Ghasemi.width-400.jpg",[168],{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[],"\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FFarnoud_Ghasemi.width-400.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FFarnoud_Ghasemi.width-400.jpg 400w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FFarnoud_Ghasemi.width-800.jpg 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FFarnoud_Ghasemi.width-1200.jpg 1200w\" alt=\"Farnoud Ghasemi\">","2026-05-14T10:57:07.681033+00:00","2026-05-20T15:01:39.070471+00:00",{"title":174,"short_title":7,"intro_text":175,"link":176,"categories":180,"labels":182,"image":183,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":184,"page_created_at":185,"published_at":184},"Platform Work and Rights: Interview with Lena Simet (Human Rights Watch)","\u003Cp>The platform economy promises flexibility, but at what cost? In this episode of The Gig Work Podcast, Martijn Arets talks to Lena Simet from Human Rights Watch to unpack the downsides of platform work.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":177,"short_title":7,"title":174,"url":178,"image":179},37072,"\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpodcasts\u002Fthe-gig-work-podcast\u002Fplatform-work-human-rights-watch","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Flena-simet-7a63f57b4c19.width-400.jpg",[181],{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},[],"\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Flena-simet-7a63f57b4c19.width-400.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Flena-simet-7a63f57b4c19.width-400.jpg 400w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Flena-simet-7a63f57b4c19.width-800.jpg 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Flena-simet-7a63f57b4c19.width-1200.jpg 1200w\" alt=\"Lena Simet\">","2026-04-07T13:16:58.722219+00:00","2026-05-20T15:11:00.508334+00:00",{"type":187,"data":188},"faqs_block",{"title":189,"link":190,"link_description":194,"variant":35,"faq_items":195},"All you ever wanted to know about the platform economy",{"id":191,"short_title":7,"title":192,"url":193},21617,"FAQ Platform Economy","\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy\u002Ffaq","Frequently Asked Questions",[196,203,209,215,221,227,233,239,245],{"question":197,"answer":198,"featured":87},"1. What is the platform economy?",[199],{"type":200,"data":201},"text_block",{"content":202},"\u003Cp>There are many definitions of the platform economy. The one that fits best the way we as WageIndicator look at the gig economy is ‘ex ante specified, paid tasks carried out by independent contractors mediated by online platforms’ (Koutsimpogiorgos et al., 2020). \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In the platform economy, which operates in markets where demand and supply are fragmented, the platform resolves information asymmetry and facilitates workers and clients with a marketplace to execute a transaction. Technology plays a role in the gig economy. Algorithms access to work, the execution of work, the conditions of the assignment and the evaluation of work. \u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":204,"answer":205,"featured":87},"2. What kind of work is being done via online platforms?",[206],{"type":200,"data":207},{"content":208},"\u003Cp>The type of work performed via platform economy platforms can broadly be divided into four categories: on-site work versus online (location-independent) work, and on-demand work versus scheduled work. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The most visible form in public debate and research is on-demand work conducted on location, such as taxi and (food)delivery work. This work is visible on the streets, particularly because the workers are often recognisable by the colours of the platform through which they carry out their jobs. Furthermore, the impact of algorithmic management is strongest for this category of work, which contributes to increasing the vulnerability of the worker. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Examples of scheduled and on-site work include domestic services, babysitting and work in and around the house. Scheduled online work includes creative work such as design and other tasks such as software development, but also very short-term jobs such as data annotation and content moderation.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":210,"answer":211,"featured":87},"3. What is a platform or gig worker?",[212],{"type":200,"data":213},{"content":214},"\u003Cp>A gig or platform worker is an individual worker who uses online gig economy marketplaces to find work. \u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":216,"answer":217,"featured":87},"4. Are platform workers employees or self-employed workers?",[218],{"type":200,"data":219},{"content":220},"\u003Cp>Platforms usually portray platform workers as self-employed workers or ‘partners’. Platforms suggest that this form of partnership contributes to increasing workers’ autonomy and enables them to determine their own working hours and conditions. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>There is widespread resistance to this framing, including from trade unions and grassroots worker representative organisations. They argue that gig workers are not self-employed workers, but employees of the platform. They argue that, as the market authority, the platform sets the rules of the game and the worker has no influence over many variables that a self-employed entrepreneur would normally control. They contend that platforms use the self-employment framework to circumvent employer obligations and risks. After all, in the case of self-employment, the costs and risks (such as the risk of not having work) are borne by the individual worker rather than the employer.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":222,"answer":223,"featured":87},"5. Do all digital labour platforms use the same approach to engage with their workforce?",[224],{"type":200,"data":225},{"content":226},"\u003Cp>Certainly not. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>As reported in many studies and the mass media, a large number of platforms consider their workforce to be composed of \u003Cb>independent workers\u003C\u002Fb>. In some cases, such as freelancer platforms (UpWork, Workana, Malt, etc.) that seems a good fit. In other cases, specially around the “on demand” services there is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fignasibeltran.com\u002F2018\u002F12\u002F09\u002Femployment-status-of-platform-workers-national-courts-decisions-overview-australia-brazil-chile-france-italy-united-kingdom-united-states-spain\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a lot of controversy and trials around workers’ classification\u003C\u002Fa> as independent workers instead of employees.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A less known reality is that platforms such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ridealto.com\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Alto\u003C\u002Fa> (ridesharing services) or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.joinhonor.com\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Honor\u003C\u002Fa> (care services) have decided to use a \u003Cb>traditional employment model\u003C\u002Fb>. Whether it be for legal reasons, for service quality control reasons, for social reasons, etc. the fact is that more and more platforms see the potential benefits of having a workforce with a traditional employment relationship. In this direction we also identify the “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplatform.coop\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">platform cooperatives\u003C\u002Fa>” where the workers are \u003Cb>members of a cooperative\u003C\u002Fb> and also \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fwhen-workers-control-gig-economy\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">co-owners of the code of the platform they use\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>There are other scenarios with a triangular relationship between a platform, a worker and a 3rd party entity. For example in Spain the ridesharing services (Uber\u002FCabify) require a VTC license to operate. These licenses are held neither by the platforms nor by the independent drivers. These licenses are held by VTC operators such as Moove Cars, Vector Ronda y Auro New Transport that accumulate thousands of licenses. These \u003Cb>VTC operators are the ones who employ the drivers using a temporary employment contract\u003C\u002Fb> in most cases. The fleet of cars and drivers are then made available to the platforms. This VTC fleet operator model for ride sharing companies is also working in Germany and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2020\u002F08\u002F18\u002Ftechnology\u002Fuber-lyft-franchise-california.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">is being explored in California\u003C\u002Fa>. Something similar happens with JustEat. In Spain and Netherlands JustEat riders are employed either directly by the restaurants or by a 3rd party “riders fleet” operator (such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgrupomox.com\u002F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GrupoMox\u003C\u002Fa> in Spain). This model is going to be \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-53780299\" rel=\"follow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">extended to other JustEat Takeaway markets\u003C\u002Fa>. The employment conditions under this model are far from ideal (long hours, low payment, etc.) but at least this scheme provides easier access to employment for the gig workers.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":228,"answer":229,"featured":87},"6. In what type of industries can one find platforms?",[230],{"type":200,"data":231},{"content":232},"\u003Cp>Platforms are becoming a regular intermediary in all kinds of industries. Gig workers are active in all industries—including B2B, retail and education—not just in the traditional freelance strongholds of mobility, delivery, IT, and data processing. [\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcg.com\u002Fpublications\u002F2019\u002Fnew-freelancers-tapping-talent-gig-economy.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source\u003C\u002Fa>]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"2\" class=\"richtext-image fullwidth\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F1858b1a5--2.width-800.png\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F1858b1a5--2.width-800.png 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F1858b1a5--2.width-1200.png 1200w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F1858b1a5--2.width-1600.png 1600w\"\u002F>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"3\" class=\"richtext-image fullwidth\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F5bfb729a--3.width-800.png\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F5bfb729a--3.width-800.png 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F5bfb729a--3.width-1200.png 1200w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F5bfb729a--3.width-1600.png 1600w\"\u002F>\u003Cp>Source: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Firp-cdn.multiscreensite.com\u002Fec5bfac6\u002Ffiles\u002Fuploaded\u002FAppJobs%20Institute%20Future%20of%20Work%20Report%202020.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\u002F\u002Firp-cdn.multiscreensite.com\u002Fec5bfac6\u002Ffiles\u002Fuploaded\u002FAppJobs%20Institute%20Future%20of%20Work%20Report%202020.pdf\u003C\u002Fa> - page 33\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Low-skill, low-wage freelance tasks accounted for only about half of the freelance work sourced through platforms. Much of the remainder comprised higher-skill, higher-paid work, such as software development and design.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"4\" class=\"richtext-image fullwidth\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fdd7e2319--4.width-800.png\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fdd7e2319--4.width-800.png 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fdd7e2319--4.width-1200.png 1200w, https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fdd7e2319--4.width-1600.png 1600w\"\u002F>\u003Cp>Check also \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gigeconomydata.org\u002Fbasics\u002Fwhat-kinds-work-are-done-through-gigs\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">What kind of work is done through gigs?\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":234,"answer":235,"featured":87},"7. How many people work in the platform economy?",[236],{"type":200,"data":237},{"content":238},"\u003Cp>It is difficult to put a figure on the number of workers in the platform economy. A commonly cited estimate of between 154 million and 435 million workers worldwide comes from a 2023 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org\u002Fentities\u002Fpublication\u002Febc4a7e2-85c6-467b-8713-e2d77e954c6c\" rel=\"follow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank report\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":240,"answer":241,"featured":87},"8. Is the platform economy fair for workers?",[242],{"type":200,"data":243},{"content":244},"\u003Cp>Flexibility and little regulation come with the risk of unfair treatment. Some improvements proposed by labour rights groups to make the gig economy fairer for workers:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Workers should not be mis classified as self-employed if they are employees in practice;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Pay should at the very least comply with minimum wage regulations in the worker’s location;  \u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Workers should have a legally binding way to make their needs and desires heard to platform operators, through union membership, collective bargaining, and, in countries with such structures, works councils and co-determination rights;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Code of conduct: in the absence of collective bargaining agreements, platforms should establish clear codes of conduct for members, including published procedures for workers to raise concerns; and the platforms should demonstrate enforcement of those codes;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Worker evaluations and ratings should not be based on non-payment rates and workers should be given reasons for any negative ratings;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Workers should be able to contest non-payment, negative evaluations, qualification test outcomes, accusations of code of conduct violations, and account closures;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Platform terms – including the terms for payment, work evaluation, and dispute resolution – should be presented in a format that is easy to understand, clear and concise;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Countries need to adapt their social protection systems to include platform economy workers where they are generally still regarded as self-employed;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Adapt social insurance mechanisms to cover workers in all forms of employment, independent of the type of contract and by lowering the contribution thresholds;\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use technology to simplify contribution and benefit payments.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>Based on “Fifteen Criteria for a Fairer Gig Economy” by M. Six Silberman of the IG Metall and “Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the online world” by ILO (2018)\u003C\u002Fp>",{"question":246,"answer":247,"featured":87},"9. Why is the WageIndicator Foundation interested in the platform economy?",[248],{"type":200,"data":249},{"content":250},"\u003Cp>The platform economy is seen as the testing ground for technology used in the labour market. Technology that we first saw in the gig economy is now also being used in the non-platform labour market. By researching and interpreting the platform economy, we also gain an insight into the future of work and how labour markets and the world of work changes because of it.  For instance, we explore how collective agreements are being negotiated in the platform economy, how workers are organising, how pay and income is calculated and paid, and how regulations can be adapted to this type of work.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Secondly, due to its centralising nature, the platform economy makes markets that were previously poorly visible, visible. For instance, there were already taxis, delivery riders and domestic workers before platforms existed, but the market was too invisible and fragmented to create a sense of urgency for stakeholders to take action. Platforms have changed this, which also offers new opportunities to make a difference for a very broad group of workers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The platform economy creates momentum among various stakeholders and an opportunity to make a significant difference to many workers at once.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Our work began with the '\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fprojects\u002Fplatform-workers-decent-rights-pay\">Platform Workers: Decent Rights & Pay\u003C\u002Fa>' project. To collect data on pay, working conditions, and labour laws, we conducted over 3,000 surveys in six countries.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Next, we developed the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwork\u002Fliving-wages\u002Fliving-tariff\">Living Tariff\u003C\u002Fa> concept and launched a new tool in collaboration with GIZ. This data-driven tool is currently available in six countries (Indonesia, India, Kenya, the Netherlands, Pakistan, and South Africa) and enables platform workers and freelancers to calculate and negotiate better rates based on the latest cost of living data.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>With our work on the Living Tariff and by collecting and analysing \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwork\u002Fcollective-bargaining-agreement\">CBAs\u003C\u002Fa> and changing \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwork\u002Flabour-law\">laws and regulations on pay and renumeration\u003C\u002Fa>, we aim to contribute to transparency and well-informed debate and decision-making for all stakeholders involved in the platform economy, including workers, the platform companies, policy makers and researchers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In addition, with our \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwork\u002Fplatform-economy\">blogs, webinars, research\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpodcasts\u002Fthe-gig-work-podcast\">The Gig Work podcast\u003C\u002Fa>, we create platforms where these new developments can be discussed and the views of various stakeholders can be shared with a wide audience.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":252,"data":253},"newsletter_block",{"title":254,"description":255,"variant":58,"link_to_terms":256},"Subscribe to Our Newsletter","Looking to stay in the loop on the gig economy, work, and tech? Sign up for monthly updates on our stories, podcasts, and events.",{"title":257,"link_description":257,"url":258,"type":42},"Privacy Policy","\u002Fabout\u002Fpolicies\u002Fprivacy",{"text":260,"link":261},"Contact us",{"title":260,"url":262,"description":260,"rel":43,"type":42,"id":263},"\u002Fabout\u002Fcontact",24590,[265],{"id":65,"slug":5,"name":6},{"id":267,"first_name":268,"last_name":269,"email":270,"image":7,"function":7,"external":59},1,"Turftorr","Administrator","info@turftorr.nl",[272],{"id":267,"first_name":268,"last_name":269,"email":270,"image":7,"function":7,"external":59},"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fwageindicator_1512628910.width-400.jpg",[],[],"\u002Fwork\u002Fliving-wages\u002Fcontact-us","\u003Cp>Welcome to WageIndicator. Same organisation, same information, new look!\u003C\u002Fp>"]