[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:work\u002Flabour-law\u002Findex\u002Flabour-rights-index-graph-2020\u002F2020-the-index-in-text-explanation\u002Fkeyfind-10-trade-union-2020":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"short_title":7,"intro_text":7,"meta_description":8,"seo_title":8,"path":9,"content_type":10,"locale":11,"go_live_at":7,"first_published_at":12,"page_created_at":13,"published_at":12,"edit_url":14,"breadcrumbs":15,"seo":32,"body_blocks":40,"call_to_action":46,"categories":53,"owner":7,"authors":54,"related_pages":55,"related_sites":56,"in_subsite":57,"contact_page_url":58,"banner_message":59},21887,"keyfind-10-trade-union-2020","Keyfind - 10. Trade Union - 2020",null,"","\u002Fwork\u002Flabour-law\u002Findex\u002Flabour-rights-index-graph-2020\u002F2020-the-index-in-text-explanation\u002Fkeyfind-10-trade-union-2020","pages.contentpage","en","2022-09-18T15:08:07.846000+00:00","2025-12-19T14:28:18.599167+00:00","\u002Fcms\u002Fpages\u002F21887\u002Fedit\u002F",[16,19,22,25,28,31],{"title":17,"slug":18},"World of Work","work",{"title":20,"slug":21},"Labour Law","labour-law",{"title":23,"slug":24},"Labour Rights Index","index",{"title":26,"slug":27},"2020","labour-rights-index-graph-2020",{"title":29,"slug":30},"2020 - The Index in Text - Explanation","2020-the-index-in-text-explanation",{"title":6,"slug":5},{"title":6,"description":8,"image":33,"canonical":34,"robots":35,"og_type":36,"twitter_card":37,"locale":11,"created_at":38,"last_modified_at":39},"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FSocial_media_preview_image_-_2025.2e16d0ba.fill-1200x630.png","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fwork\u002Flabour-law\u002Findex\u002Flabour-rights-index-graph-2020\u002F2020-the-index-in-text-explanation\u002Fkeyfind-10-trade-union-2020\u002F","index, follow","website","summary_large_image","2022-09-18T17:08:07.846000+02:00","2025-12-25T12:05:54.295439+01:00",[41],{"type":42,"data":43},"raw_html_block",{"content":44,"variant":45},"\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>10. TRADE UNION\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ch4>\u003Cstrong>A. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\u003Cp>Nearly 60% (68 of 115) of the countries in the Index have requisite provisions on freedom of association as required under ILO Convention 87. Of the remaining 47 countries, 17 from Africa, 22 from Asia, six in the Americas, have limited access to freedom of association and so do not have legal provisions allowing workers to form and join unions of their own choice. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-responsive\">\n\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl65\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"256\">\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Table 56: Freedom of Association\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"69\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Region\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Freedom of Association\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Limited Access to FoA\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Africa\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">17\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">17\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Americas\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">9\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">6\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">15\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Asia \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">8\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">22\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">30\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Europe\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">32\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Oceania\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"35\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">68\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">47\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">115\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch4>\u003Cstrong>B. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\u003Cp>More than 50% (60 of 115) countries require access to collective bargaining to workers and their unions to negotiate on working conditions with the employers. The remaining 55 countries, of which 16 are in Africa, seven in the Americas and 22 in Asia, have limited access to collective bargaining. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-responsive\">\n\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl65\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"256\">\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Table 57: Collective Bargaining\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"104\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Region\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Access to Collective Bargaining\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Limited Access to Collective Bargaining\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Africa\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">18\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">16\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Americas\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">8\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">7\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">15\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Asia \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">8\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">22\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">30\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Europe\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">25\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">9\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Oceania\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"35\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">60\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">55\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">115\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch4>\u003Cstrong>C. RIGHT TO STRIKE\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>One third (38 of 115) of the countries grant workers the right to strike. However, a majority of countries (77 of 115) limit access to the right to strike, including 25 countries in Africa and 27 in Asia.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-responsive\">\n\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl65\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"256\">\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Table 58: Right to Strike\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"69\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Region\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Right to Strike\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Limited Access to Right to Strike\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Africa\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">9\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">25\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Americas\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">12\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">15\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Asia \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">27\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">30\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Europe\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">22\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">12\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Oceania\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"35\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">38\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">77\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">115\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch4>\u003Cstrong>D. REPLACING WORKERS ON STRIKE\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\u003Cp>While around 60% (71 of 115) prohibit employers from replacing those workers who are on strike, more than 40 countries do not have any such provision, with most (18) of these countries found in Asia. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-responsive\">\n\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl65\" colspan=\"4\" width=\"256\">\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Table 59: Replacing Workers on Strike\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"104\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Region\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Prohibition on replacement of striking workers\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>No Prohibition\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Africa\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">21\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">13\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Americas\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">10\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">15\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Asia \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">12\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">18\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">30\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Europe\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">28\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">6\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">34\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl67\" height=\"19\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Oceania\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl68\" width=\"64\">2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl66\" height=\"35\" width=\"64\">\u003Cstrong>Total Countries\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">72\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">43\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd class=\"xl69\" width=\"64\">115\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>","light",{"text":47,"link":48},"Contact us",{"title":47,"url":49,"description":47,"rel":50,"type":51,"id":52},"\u002Fabout\u002Fcontact","follow","internal",24590,[],[],[],[],false,"\u002Fwork\u002Fliving-wages\u002Fcontact-us","\u003Cp>Welcome to WageIndicator. Same organisation, same information, new look!\u003C\u002Fp>"]