[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:what-we-do\u002Fpublications\u002F2012\u002Fpay-gap-freeze-around-the-globe":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"short_title":7,"intro_text":8,"meta_description":8,"seo_title":8,"path":9,"content_type":10,"locale":11,"go_live_at":12,"first_published_at":12,"page_created_at":13,"published_at":12,"edit_url":14,"breadcrumbs":15,"seo":25,"body_blocks":33,"call_to_action":55,"categories":62,"owner":7,"authors":63,"related_pages":64,"related_sites":65,"in_subsite":66,"contact_page_url":67,"banner_message":68},20915,"pay-gap-freeze-around-the-globe","Pay gap freeze around the globe",null,"","\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpublications\u002F2012\u002Fpay-gap-freeze-around-the-globe","pages.publicationpage","en","1969-12-30T23:00:00+00:00","2026-03-27T15:36:47.659531+00:00","\u002Fcms\u002Fpages\u002F20915\u002Fedit\u002F",[16,19,22,24],{"title":17,"slug":18},"What We Do","what-we-do",{"title":20,"slug":21},"Publications","publications",{"title":23,"slug":23},"2012",{"title":6,"slug":5},{"title":6,"description":8,"image":26,"canonical":27,"robots":28,"og_type":29,"twitter_card":30,"locale":11,"created_at":31,"last_modified_at":32},"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002FSocial_media_preview_image_-_2025.2e16d0ba.fill-1200x630.png","https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpublications\u002F2012\u002Fpay-gap-freeze-around-the-globe\u002F","index, follow","website","summary_large_image","1969-12-31T00:00:00+01:00","2026-04-02T22:39:07.853215+02:00",[34],{"type":35,"data":36},"composed_content_block",{"blocks":37},[38,43,46,49,52],{"type":39,"data":40},"text_block",{"content":41,"variant":42},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Download PDF:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwageindicator.org\u002Fmedia\u002Fdocuments\u002F120307-gender-pay-gap-ituc-2012-4164465328a3.pdf\">120307-gender-pay-gap-ituc-2012\u003C\u002Fa>. Brussels, Belgium: ITUC Report March 2012. (EN)\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>[\u003Cstrong>In Spanish\u003C\u002Fstrong>]: \u003Ca data-linktype=\"internal\" data-old_url=\"resolveuid\u002F79160f8e2272463890fd7b119798d8a3\u002Fpublications-2012\" data-val=\"79160f8e2272463890fd7b119798d8a3\" href=\"\u002Fdocuments\u002Fpublicationslist\u002Fpublications-2012\" title=\"Detenida en el tiempo ES.pdf\">Tijdens, K.G. y Van Klaveren, M. (2012) \u003Cstrong>Detenida en el tiempo: La brecha salarial de género no ha cambiado en 10 años\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fa> Bruselas, , Belgium: CSI (ES)\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Summary:\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A new report from the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) \r\nreveals that worldwide, women are paid 18% on average less than their \r\nmale counterparts at work.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The report, \u003Cstrong>“Frozen in time: Gender pay gap unchanged for 10 years”\u003C\u002Fstrong> \r\nreleased on the eve of International Women’s Day, looks at women’s wages\r\n in 43 countries, twice the number of previous studies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp> “For the last decade we have seen women’s wages hitting a road \r\nblock. The pay gap remains frozen in time almost everywhere. Asia is the\r\n continent with the greatest wage differential between men and women \r\nwith no progress made to close the gap for over a decade,” said Sharan \r\nBurrow, General Secretary, International Trade Union Confederation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>For the first time, researchers have ranked industries \r\ninternationally by analysing the differences in wages in 15 sectors from\r\n construction to domestic workers. The report also includes detailed \r\nstatistics from official sources in 18 countries.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>“More unionised sectors such as the public sector tend to have lower \r\npay gaps. Those with low unionisation rates and low wage levels, such as\r\n retail, hotels and restaurants as well as agriculture tend to have \r\nhigher gaps. Part of the problem is that many workers are not paid a \r\ndecent minimum wage,” said Sharan Burrow.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The report also found:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>","light",{"type":39,"data":44},{"content":45,"variant":42},"Male dominated sectors such as construction have the smallest gender \r\npay gaps due to the relatively low numbers of women, and the fact that \r\nthe women tend to be better educated.\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":39,"data":47},{"content":48,"variant":42},"Domestic workers show the lowest level of earning and the largest gender pay gaps.\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":39,"data":50},{"content":51,"variant":42},"The highest ‘unexplained gender pay gaps’ attributed to discriminatory \r\npractices are found in Chile, South Africa and Argentina.\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":39,"data":53},{"content":54,"variant":42},"A ‘child penalty’ contributes to keeping women’s wages low, particularly affecting women aged 30 – 39.\n\u003Cp>The report is the third study into the gender wage gap by the ITUC, following up on studies in 2008 and 2009.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The report was written by Dutch academics K.G Tijdens and M Van \r\nKlaveren and is based on country level wage data from the ILO, Eurostat \r\nas well as on individual-level wage data from the multi-country \r\nWageIndicator Foundation web survey.  While previous ITUC reports show \r\nthat official figures tend to underestimate the gender pay gap, data \r\ncollection has improved in recent years, especially through the OECD and\r\n the EU.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"text":56,"link":57},"Contact us",{"title":56,"url":58,"description":56,"rel":59,"type":60,"id":61},"\u002Fabout\u002Fcontact","follow","internal",24590,[],[],[],[],false,"\u002Fwork\u002Fliving-wages\u002Fcontact-us","\u003Cp>Welcome to WageIndicator. Same organisation, same information, new look!\u003C\u002Fp>"]